JOHN THE OBSCURE ™

By John Ruch

© 2007

 

The Full 200: Sympathy Beatings in Fact and Fiction

 

            Surely there is no brand of crime more obscure, or more poignant, than this: paying someone to beat you up so you may garner sympathy for ends pathetic, nefarious or mysterious. (Perhaps obscurity and poignancy of crime are directly proportional.)

            I first learned of the remarkable under-underworld of sympathy beatings not from some news story or personal fight club plunge, but rather the way most people garner their pseudo-criminology: from the movies.

            For me, it was the classic, oft-quoted yet under-seen Clint Eastwood thriller “Dirty Harry” (1971), wherein the villain—in what even a disgusted Pauline Kael grudgingly heralded as a “virtuoso plot development”—pays someone to beat him up so he can pretend to be a victim of police brutality.1 (Somewhat superfluously, since he actually is a victim of police brutality throughout the film.)

            “Dirty Harry” is about how the titular cop hunts down and kills a hippie-but-racist sniper/rapist/kidnapper/etc./etc./etc. despite the hassle of all sorts of bleeding-heart laws construed as everything up to and including the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth and 14th Amendments.2 It may sound ridiculous to call such a tautological propaganda movie a fount of insights, and if I’d first seen it as an adult, I wouldn’t.

            But I saw “Dirty Harry” when I was young—too young—as well as naïve, philosophical and theological. I’d never seen anything like it, and felt an immediate attraction-repulsion dynamic that keeps me coming back to it even now. The idea that law and justice were not necessarily synonyms was striking, new and unsettling. So was a hero I found almost as scary as the villain. And also, there was a certain sadness, depression and regret that I sensed, perceptively I think, lurking under the movie’s bravado.

            More simply, it’s an exciting movie that offered me all sorts of alleged crime information, famously typified in Dirty Harry’s wielding of “the most powerful handgun in the world.”

            More generally, it depicts a nightmarish, topsy-turvy world where the obvious criminal can’t be charged with a crime and the cop breaks all kinds of laws. (A score featuring horror-movie “wahhh-wahhh-wahhh-wahhhhhhh”s underlines the mood.) The villain is given to spectacularly innovative perversities, such as approaching a store owner famous for shooting robbers and then robbing him of his gun itself. And, of course, he claims to be a police beating victim after having himself beaten—thus become a criminal who accuses a cop of crime.

            The beating scene is deliberately weird and disorienting, presented without explanation or foreshadowing. We merely see the villain hobbling (due a previous injury actually inflicted by Dirty Harry, I might add) toward a creepy decaying/abandoned building, where awaits a mysterious, neatly dressed man.

            The villain enters and hands over a wad of cash.

            “You really want 200 dollars worth?” the mystery man asks.

            “Every penny of it,” comes the reply.

            The man seats the villain on an old chair. “Might as well get comfortable. Go on, sit.”

            The man becomes creepily, unnecessarily friendly—a professional at work, but what type of work remains spookily unclear. He loosens the villain’s scarf like a doctor or masseuse. “Relax, take it easy.” Then menacing black gloves are pulled on. “It’s gonna be alright.”

            Then the man proceeds to punch the crap out of him, knocking him to the ground.

            “You sure you want the rest of it?” he asks.

            “Every penny’s worth, you black son of a bitch,” confirms the villain, his malignancy extending even to a partner in crime.

            The “rest of it” is merely a kick. Whether that was really it, or the man is just disgusted now, is unclear. He adds one more kick: “This one’s on the house.” He tosses the bleeding, groaning villain outside.

            Cut to a hospital, where the villain is heavily bandaged on a hospital gurney, giving his story to reporters and claiming Dirty Harry dished out the beating. “I swear, God as my judge,” he pleads. The cops are trying to frame him, he insists: “And now look at me, just look at me.”

            At City Hall, Dirty Harry and the police chief watch it all on TV. Harry brushes it all aside. “And anybody can tell I didn’t do that to him,” Harry says. The police chief, understanding his role as the straight man, takes the bait and asks how. “’Cause he looks too damn good, that’s how,” Harry snarls.

            My young mind was blown by this sequence, and not only for the obvious enthralling weirdness of cynical self-martyrdom. I was particularly fascinated by the man who did the beating. Were we to understand that performing sympathy beatings is his main criminal offering? Or is he just some kind of enforcer, in this odd case paid to victimize his own employer?

            With such unresolvable mysteries adding to the appeal, it became my personal archetype of the over-the-top movie beating, given the signal honor of receiving one of my many arcane shibboleths: in a paraphrase of the “200 dollars worth,” I dubbed it the “Full 200.” It remains in my vocabulary today, sometimes broadening into a “whole nine yards”-type meaning. I use “Full 200” fairly frequently with the friend who is unfortunate enough to know almost all of my codewords; I think mostly recently I deployed it in a discussion of the memorable ball-busting scene in “Casino Royale.”3

            Such genericism is useful as well as a matter of necessity—actual sympathy beatings, as opposed to merely over-the-top or ultra-weird beatings, are not that common in fiction. Still, true Full 200s are still out there. It’s driving me crazy because I can’t remember which show, but on some TV show I saw in February an ex-con had a prison buddy beat him up to frame a cop for assault and battery.4

            Far more important is that also in February, I first heard of a real Full 200.

            Last year in Gardner, Massachusetts, a 29-year-old gas station manager allegedly had a friend beat him up as part of a scheme to steal $7,000 in a faked robbery. The job was so convincing that the alleged thief suffered permanent vision damage despite undergoing two surgeries.5

            Suddenly opening before me was a world where you really could find guys pulling on black leather gloves in the basements of decaying buildings—or at least friends willing to clock you. I began to dig.

            As is obvious here, I dig pretty well, but I unearthed only two other unequivocal Full 200s from the newspaper morgues.

            In Des Moines, Iowa, in 1952, a cab driver paid a man to beat him up in the hopes of receiving a hospital-bed sympathy visit from his ex-wife. She didn’t show.6

            Then there is the Fullest 200 of them all: the 1997 and 1998 claims by a North Carolina woman that she was twice “tied up and whipped because she is a lesbian.” In 1997, the woman’s mother found her “shirtless, beaten and tied to the front porch of her home. Painted on the steps was the message, ‘Jesus Weren’t Born for You, Faggot.’”7

            In 1998, the woman’s family found her “beaten and tied spread-eagle to the rear deck of her home,” where she had reportedly spent two hours in the sun.8

            Also in 1998, an acquaintance of the woman came forward and admitted that she hired him to do the 1997 beating, paying him $50 out of a promised $300. (That is to say, she asked for a Full 300 but only got an Incomplete 50.) He told police he had gone with her to a Wal-Mart and “purchased a leather work belt then whipped her with it while she lay on her bed.”9

            The woman reportedly had been repeatedly harassed for her sexual orientation.

            There is poignancy, even tragedy, in all of these reports. They tend to wind up as false police report charges, but that never really clarifies their nature. There’s some social truth lurking in them that the adversarial system never really gets to, just brushes aside as irrelevant.

            This is particularly true of what I might call the Half 200—cases where it seems someone gave themselves the sympathy beating instead of having someone else do it. I found about four dozen Half 200 candidates since circa 1992. Very often, however, the reports don’t clarify the nature of the injuries, or even confirm that the injuries were real, let alone who actually created them. “False police report” only tells us about the lie; it omits a lot of truths.

            The unambiguous Half 200s I found:

 

  • c. 1996, Fullerton, California: A teenage girl reports an attempted abduction in which the attacker clawed her chest. She reportedly scratched herself to back up the story so she could explain why she came to school late.10
  • 1997, Fort Lauderdale, Florida: A cab driver reports he was beaten, stabbed and robbed by three people. He had actually gambled away his fare money, and hit and cut himself.11
  • 1998, St. Cloud State University, Minnesota: A senior beats and cuts her own face, claiming that two men did it while yelling anti-gay slurs. She later confesses.12
  • 1998, Dallas: A city code inspector who previously complained about unsafe working conditions claims she was beaten and raped on the job. She later confessed that she inflicted bruises and scratches on herself, and that semen on her clothing was her husband’s.13
  • 1999, a dubious anecdote is told at a Nevada state Senate judiciary committee hearing about a woman who supposedly got out of jail and beat herself up, then reported it as police brutality.14
  • 1999, University of Massachusetts (exact branch unidentified): At a rally about sexual assaults, a woman shows up with a cut face and says a man just attacked her. She later confessed to doing it herself. As this is a cutting, not a beating, it’s not quite a Full 200, but in the same vein.15
  • 2006, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada: A teenage Sikh boy claims he was attacked by five men who yelled racist slurs, beat him and tore off his turban and hacked off his hair. He actually beat himself to cover for getting a haircut his parents disapproved of.16
  • 2006, Boise State University, Idaho: A student claims he was beaten near campus by other students in an anti-gay attack. He actually beat himself with sticks and his own fists.17
  • 2006, South Jordan, Utah: A high school teacher charged with having sex with a student claims she was beaten at her home by two students in retaliation. She had undescribed injuries serious enough that she was airlifted to a hospital. Police said they were self-inflicted.18
  • 2006, Henderson, Nevada: A judge’s wife accuses him of throwing her and causing a facial injury when she struck a banister. She later confesses to causing the injury herself by rubbing her face against a carpet. Carpet burns are also not the standard stuff of a Full 200, but it otherwise fits the bill.19, 20

 

            (The still-mysterious, and still highly suspicious, 1987 case of Tawana Brawley may fit in here as well.21)

            From this mash of Full and Half 200s, it’s easy to distill the theme of attention-seeking, and to refine it further into obvious categories: political causes; revenge; loneliness; covering up a crime or mistake.

            It’s so easy that the Full 200 phenomenon sinks into the tar pit of blithe pop criminology about false reporting: “Oh, it’s about attention-seeking. Bye.” It’s like being forced to discuss the rainbow when you’re only talking about red (or perhaps ultraviolet, as the Full 200 often is an unseen subject). It’s just another way of lumping all forms of false reporting together and then dismissing the entire subject as lies. In newspaper stories, you can find criminologists making such generic comments/dismissals, though as far as I can tell, no one even tracks false police reports comprehensively.22 Occasionally, the sociopolitical subgenres of false rape reports and false hate crime reports get more particular attention, but I couldn’t find a single study or even comment regarding the import of the modus operandi—the key to the strangeness of the Full 200.

            In the three Full 200 reports I found, all of the attention went to the fake victim. And yet, to me, the person who agreed to beat them up is at least as psychologically and criminologically interesting, just like that mysterious figure in “Dirty Harry.”

            Never is there an explanation of how the idea was brought up, and rarely any hint of how it was executed. The mental intensity and horrific intimacy of such an act must be overwhelming. Somehow, this rouses no curiosity in the system or in the news.

            Of course, I wouldn’t deny that the Full 200 relates to, and sometimes involves, broader forms of criminal falsehood. Clearly, it’s rooted in the general phenomenon of making up a story and/or falsifying evidence (such as fake “hate” graffiti). We’re all liars and can empathize mostly easily with this facet; it’s obviously where most of the general pseudo-criminology statements come from.

            Undoubtedly like many of you, I can recall calling in fake fire alarms when I was very young and feeling excited and guilty. One time cops approached me and other kids at elementary school recess and asked about some crime report in the area; we obliged by providing an exciting tale of a guy in a ski mask in the nearby woods. Heck, I even neared Half 200 territory by once pretending to fight myself in class in an attention-getting, and now cringe-worthy, move. I was probably particularly weird, but I think we can relate to at least the simplest forms of attention-getting lies, if only from childhood. (A related and more obscure genre may be false tales of heroism, such as phony war veterans and the like.)

            But, of course, the Full 200 goes well beyond this. It literally does make the person a victim, if only of themselves and/or their cohort. And while false police reports appear to be fairly common, elaborate ones like the Full 200 are not.23 Here we move from the realm of lie into that of hoax—a distinction lost on the law of false report charges.

            On the other hand, there are self-inflicted, hoax shootings/severe stabbings that are more overtly violent than sympathy beatings. I think of Boston’s infamous murder case in which Charles Stuart shot himself to back up his lie that a robber shot his wife, and an old “Hawaii Five-O” episode I saw as a kid where a guy stabs himself with a knife hidden inside a lamp to pull off the same sort of surviving-victim-of-a-murderer ploy. Indeed, this style of self-wounding seems virtually exclusive to covering up a shooting or stabbing of somebody else performed by the “victim.”24 They also appear to almost always be self-performed.

            But there’s an emotional difference as well. While such shootings and stabbings appear more violent than beatings, they are often far more precise and tidy—colder and more calculating. They have an air of sociopathic, iron-willed scheming. Sympathy beatings are wilder, more chaotic, perhaps more emotional and frantic. They are less tidy in both appearance and in apparent motivations.

            At the most extreme, all of these crimes trend toward true martyrdom—righteous suicide. You could say Christianity is founded on a Full 200—or Full 30 (shekels): God torturing and killing himself to gain global sympathy as a victim of the Romans and/or Jews. But obviously, we are interested in these lesser forms, where the phony victim wishes to stick around and savor the sympathy.

            Sympathy is the mysterious quality at the heart of the Full 200. If you know someone well enough to ask them to beat you up, presumably you already have a significant measure of sympathy in your life. And yet some dilemma causes the hoaxer to employ that sympathy in a way that results in more pain. Maybe some sympathy is never enough.25

            If the beating is performed merely for money (in “Dirty Harry” fashion), it must really highlight feelings of alienation and self-objectification that seem to underlie a lot of these reports. It’s barely different from an S&M scene acting out self-hatred or hopelessness. It may well involve wish fulfillment—an enjoyment of the abuse, or a taking of emotional pain and both incarnating and controlling/possessing it.

            I see this even in the baldly criminal form of covering up one’s own robbery. It would be simpler to just tell a lie about being robbed at gunpoint—indeed, there would be less evidence and detail for the police to question. Why have someone beat you up? It suggests an inner test, a demonstration of will, machismo gone masochistic.

            The Full 200 is never totally false. After all, something really did happen. The story is literally false, but the act is literally true in some way. In a sense, the Full 200 is art as much as artifice. Sympathy beatings are shadow plays based on society’s light source; they may tell us about the solidities behind them. As a rape crisis center director said in one article on hoax tales, “When somebody files a false report, something else is wrong. It’s never just a blind cry.”26

            Full 200s often appear to act out verbal/atmospheric/emotional violence—a way to make oft-dismissed threats and pain real and turn them into something people will pity you for. Some cases suggest an inversion of Martin Luther King Jr.’s philosophy of non-violent protest: Instead of letting yourself be beaten to prove the oppressor’s violence and cause shame to surface, you do the beating yourself.

            Of course, the “oppressor” can be perceived rather than real. There seems to be some links here to conspiracy theories and ploys—like the way the Nazis covered their invasion of Poland by faking a Polish invasion against themselves, or those Sept. 11 nuts who claim the U.S. government attacked itself.

            As “Dirty Harry” demonstrates, the Full 200 is certainly a conservative paranoid fantasy come true—victims victimizing themselves. Conservative groups have particularly seized on faked anti-gay crimes in an attempt to discredit gay rights initiatives, often while implying some sort of secret cabal behind it all.27 Conservatives also immediately spread Full 200 accusations about the 2005 beating of Paul Mirecki, a University of Kansas professor and staunch opponent of “Intelligent Design” being taught in public schools, which, incredibly, is actually a viable debate in that medieval state.28 Mirecki reported that two men beat him with crowbars while referring to the Intelligent Design dispute—a controversy, I might add, that is clearly settled by the fact that humans are stupidly not armored and thus susceptible to simple beating. The case remains unsolved.

            What the conservatives conveniently overlook is that the Full 200 only works because there is so much real victimization—as Dirty Harry himself acknowledges with the “he looks too damn good” punchline. Real police brutality is what allowed the villain to fake it. Only a fool would suggest that false insurance claims mean accidental fires never happen; only a disingenuous thug would claim that false rape reports mean rape is nonexistent. Crimes are defined by laws that are based on experience; a false report, by definition and logic, is based on a true criminal category. It can’t innovate a brand of crime; a functional false hate crime report can never come out of a place that doesn’t have a measure of bigotry. (However, it is a valid concern that false reports of “hate” crimes and/or rapes often lead to a call for the bolstering of existing laws, which would make them predicated on a false sense of insecurity.) Likewise, only certain scenarios would work as Full 200s in principle: they must involve the weak or minority perceived as victimized by the strong or majority, not the other way around. A real crime may involve surprising nuances, but false reports never will. (We must, of course, allow for supposed reverse-discrimination reports and the like, though I found no such scenarios among the Full/Half 200 reports.) They rely on the solid, the unquestionable, the pity-evoking.

            The particular subgenre of hate-crime Full 200s is the only one that has received consideration about what it is trying to incarnate. Conservatives see it as an incarnation of liberal victimhood, which is conceived (partly correctly and mostly vapidly) as an abstract, false cultural principle. On the other hand, especially on college campuses, Full 200s sometimes find apologists who see the faked crime as an incarnation/extension/expansion of what the majority already does to people, or how it makes them feel. This is essentially my view as well, though I read it less as a valid excuse and more as an identification of a significant mechanism. (I also see interplay between the views; an anti-gay Full 200 can work only when there is still bigotry, but enough growing tolerance for sympathy to be evoked—that is to say, in an era of civil rights controversy. If cases could be tracked, I think we would see a rise in anti-gay Full 200s over the past 20 years and a fall in African-American racist ones.)

            But in the end, all that really tells us is that the culture wars will suck up anything, including Full 200 reports. It tells us little or nothing about apolitical Full 200s—about a cabbie who just wants to see his ex.

            Overlooked by all commentators and reports is the danger underlying all interpretation of lies and hoaxes: we can only discuss those that have been exposed, and thus are flawed. Certainly others have passed successfully—and thus would have even more truth to tell about us. We’ll never know how much of reality is composed of undetected lies. Perhaps that speaks to the conservative paranoia that minority protections are based on fictions. To me, it merely describes how really good lies reflect our truths. Full 200s are designed to get attention, but in a conventional way—they don’t really stand out; they fit in.

            The Full 200 fits in to the aggression, desperation and isolation that undergird a lot of our society. Perhaps the most piteous tragedy of known Full 200s is that, despite all the attention they garner, their core pain is never really addressed, merely dismissed as a lie. The response is eventually a reinforcement of the self-denial these people were obviously already experiencing in a more general form. The system has sent them back to obscurity, but they still have my sympathy—more than ever.

            The Full 200 is symptomatic of a cold, lonely society wherein beating somebody up is a perceived solution and getting beaten up is the only thing considered undeniable, sympathy-stirring violence. The vast majority of people lack the will and imagination to really sympathize sans violence, because it would mean recognizing that their own little world isn’t absolutely right and perfect; at best, they issue the occasional spurt of politics/religion-filtered condescension and sentimentality. The Full 200 is theater for their clouded eyes.

            I suppose all the lingering mystery still comes down to something pretty simple: Sympathy is hard to beat. But a person isn’t.

           

 

            1 Kael’s quote is from “For Keeps.”

            2 “Dirty Harry” was released by Warner Bros. It is interesting to note that 20 years later, Warner Bros. distributed the Body Count album containing the infamous song “Cop Killer.” While that song drew massive protests against Warner Bros. from cops, who eventually succeeded in getting the song censored, there were no such protests for the release of “Dirty Harry,” which might as well be titled “Civilian Killer,” and the company continues to profit from it to this day. We would do well to recall the double standards of anti-violence righteousness. Meanwhile, Body Count frontman Ice-T now pulls down a fat check playing a cop on a popular TV show beloved by moms and dads everywhere, in a fine example of poetic justice, if not of fine acting.

            3 Another shibboleth that has probably caused some consternation among fellow moviegoers is, “I’m Hitler,” used as a quick condemnation of anything annoyingly over-explanatory. It goes back to an old “Twilight Zone” episode in which a guy was screwing around with a genie and made the wish that he become a world leader with absolute power who could not be voted out of office. A puff of smoke, and he awakens in a bunker with a funny little moustache, a swastika armband and a lieutenant coming in and leaving a Luger on his desk. It’s a hilarious and decent little twist—but then the guy launches into a screaming frenzy: “I’m Hitler! I’m in the bunker! It’s the end of World War II! I’ve lost! I’m going to kill myself! I can’t be voted out of office! I’m Hitler! I’m Hitler!” The idea that anyone dressed as Adolf Hitler has to explain, “I’m Hitler!” was funny enough to put me on the floor gasping for air, and has become one the most useful, if unsettling, catchphrases of my moviegoing life.

            It’s worth noting that the Full 200 scene in “Dirty Harry” remains an obscure cultural touchstone for other viewers as well. I recently found it used as a simile for the practice of paying people to bang up a new guitar to look old, and referenced by a blog commenter criticizing another poster who suggested the beating of an Iraqi civilian by U.S. troops was similarly faked. (At www.thegearpage.net/board/showthread.php?t=113147 and www.brianarner.com/weblog/archives/000856.html, respectively.)

            4 Possibly “The Shield,” “Las Vegas” or an old “Forever Knight,” judging from my peripatetic viewing habits at the time. I welcome any clarifications.

            The motif remains relatively unusual in fiction. Recent versions (neither quite meeting the Full 200 standard) include Dusty Donovan’s possibly faked extortion-related beating in 2003 on “As the World Turns,” and two men claiming to have been attacked and robbed to cover up the fact they were short on money to pay off a debt on the “CSI: Crime Scene Investigation” episode “Fannysmackin’.” (At http://tvmegasite.net/day/atwt/updates/older/2003/atwt-05-19-03.htm and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fannysmackin'_(CSI_episode), respectively.)

            Since the publication of this column, a friend reminded me of a “Half 200” (see below) in the movie “Class of 1984” (1982), in which the New Wave villain bounces his face off a bathroom mirror, towel dispenser and sink to fake a beating from his teacher nemesis; and I also saw an old episode of “Law & Order” in which a journalist formerly “embedded” with troops in Iraq has someone else shoot him to frame a soldier and get headlines—in an interesting twist, the soldier gives a false semi-confession as an act of attention-seeking bravado. Notably, “Class of 1984” is also a paranoid conservative fantasy about unruly youths, and happens to have a score by Lalo Schifrin, who also wrote the music for “Dirty Harry.” (Perhaps he should have written a “Theme for a Sympathy Beating.”)

            Yet another cinematic Half 200 appears in the 1996 thriller “Fear”; read all about it elsewhere on this site.

            Most ironically, I alluded to the book/movie “Fight Club” in the column without noting it is the most thorough fictional Half 200 of all time. In general, it is about a guy beating himself up. Specifically, a friend reminded me that a scene in the movie version features Edward Norton’s character beating himself up to blackmail his boss.

            A friend pointed me to a direct allusion to the original “Dirty Harry” Full 200 in the cult TV show “Freaks and Geeks” (1999-2000). In the episode “Beers and Weirs,” young Sam is worried about his sister’s plan to hold a beer bash while their parents are out of town; he consults with friends Bill and Neal for solutions. Bill suggests that Sam call his parents and say he suffered a head injury, so they must come home, thus ruining the party. Sam objects that they would be upset at finding he actually had no head injury. “Well, we’d have to hit you over the head and give you a bump,” Bill replies, thus suggesting a Full 200. Neal elaborates: “Ooh, like in that Dirty Harry movie, where the bad guy yells at this black guy so he’ll beat him up, then he blames it on Clint. [Melodramatically:] ‘It was Callahan!’” Sam decides not to go along with any Full 200 scenario. Interestingly, Neal later helps the sister end the disastrous party by making a false complaint to police.

            “Dear Boy,” a 2000 episode of the TV series “Angel,” contained a twist on the Full 200. Darla, the nemesis of heroic vampire Angel, poses as part of a normal married couple (whom she has already murdered), then kills her fake “husband” and has herself beaten up to frame Angel for murder. The twist is that Darla tricks Angel into fighting her so that he does the beating himself. The scenario is also unusual in that Darla gains sympathy in part by pretending to be someone else; the entire set-up, not just the beating, is a hoax.

            5 “Brutal attack called a fake; ‘Victim’ a thief, police charge” by George Barnes, Worcester (Massachusetts) Telegram & Gazette, Feb. 28, 2007, at www.telegram.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070228/NEWS/702280769/1116.

            6 “Time,” March 17, 1952, at www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,816083,00.html?promoid=googlep.

            7 Quotes and information from “Plea ends false hate-crime case” by Nichole Monroe, Charlotte (North Carolina) Observer, Jan. 30, 2002, via LexisNexis.

            8 Ibid.

            9 Ibid.

            10 “Lying to the law; Crime: Prosecutions rarely follow those who file false police reports,” by Anne C. Mulkern, Orange County (California) Register, Nov. 27, 1996, via LexisNexis.

            11 “Attack faked, police say,” Fort Lauderdale Sun-Sentinel, Oct. 16, 1997, via LexisNexis.

            12 “As hate-crime concerns rise, so does the threat of hoaxes; Campuses often provide conditions that can cultivate false reports of racist or anti-gay acts, police say,” by Nora Zamichow and Stuart Silverstein, Los Angeles Times, April 20, 2004, via LexisNexis.

            13 “City code inspector indicted,” Houston Chronicle, Jan. 31, 1999, via LexisNexis and “Woman admits fabricating rape” by Associated Press, Amarillo (Texas) Globe-News, May 23, 1999 at www.amarillo.com.

            14 www.leg.state.nv.us/70th/Minutes/SM-JUD-990422-Assembly%20Bills.html.

            15 Zamichow and Silverstein, op. cit.

            16 “Crying wolf in B.C.,” editorial, The Globe and Mail (Toronto, Canada), Sept. 18, 2006, via LexisNexis.

            17 “Police: Gay bashing report turns out to be false,” KTVB-TV, Nov. 17, 2006, at www.ktvb.com/news/localnews/stories/ktvbn-nov1706-gay_bashing.4833d4ff.html#.

            18 “Woman faked beating to get sympathy,” KSL-TV, Sept. 12, 2006, at www.ksl.com/?nid=148&sid=487037.

            19 “Family Court judge acquitted of domestic battery charge” by Carri Geer Thevenot, Las Vegas Review-Journal, Sept. 15, 2006, at www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2006/Sep-15-Fri-2006/news/9671261.html.

            20 The Official Update Footnote. (A remarkably necessary device, considering how few Full 200s I could find in my initial research. It appears it is not so much that the phenomenon is ultra-rare as it is hard to categorize, and therefore to tease out of databases.)

November 2007: As I explain later, self-shootings/stabbings do not strike me with the same emotional tenor as Full/Half 200s. But I didn’t think about how to categorize nail guns. I think this simply must qualify as one of the greatest Half 200s: a man in Gloucester, England, in August 2007 shot himself seven times in the chest and arm with a nail gun, causing critical wounds and making himself eligible for hefty payments from a government compensation fund for violent crime victims. (He claimed three street punks shot him.) Furthermore, it was the second time he has nailed himself for Half 200 purposes. The dude is tougher than Jesus and earned his cash, in my opinion. His fake attack included planting a two-inch nail into his ribcage an inch from his heart. This is a case that covers all the intriguing bases, starting with the outstanding BBC News headline, “Man jailed over nail gun fantasy.” (Nov. 14, 2007, via http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/gloucestershire/7094258.stm.) The money motive is particularly bald for a Half 200, but the pathology (which, as usual, received scant press attention) is what’s really fascinating. Obviously, there are far easier ways to raise cash—like, well, mugging someone else with a nail gun instead. In the August incident, the man’s mugging lie raised the specter of minority gangs attacking the white family; he said two of the attackers were black and the third—the nail gun-wielder—was “mixed-race,” then mused to the press from his hospital bed, “These people must be caught and punished. It could have been my wife with our baby or anyone else innocently minding their own business.” In a fascinating Freudianism, he also termed the attack a “sick joke.” The lie is structured around a majority-ethnicity victim being preyed upon by ethnic minorities, a common backstory to self-shootings/stabbings, whereas sympathy beatings tend to have the reverse, majority perp/minority victim structure. The monetary fraud is another fascinating social context, illustrating how a victims’ compensation fund can turn into a generator of Full or Half 200 violence. The ability to become an official paid victim must be alluring in this mental context. Obviously, the extremity of the self-mutilation is also noteworthy: inflicting multiple horrible wounds, on two separate occasions, indicates more going on than the mere “convincing fantasist” angle of press coverage. The case is unusual for the severity of the judicial punishment as well—a two-and-a-half-year sentence for “perverting the course of justice.” As usual, some of the most significant questions went unasked: Why a nail gun? Did he need the money? Did he lie to his wife about it? He’s gone to prison for lying, but we don’t even care about most of the truth.

            February 2008: I’ve discovered a seemingly authentic Full 200 documented on YouTube—one apparently filmed in my own Boston-neighborhood back yard. The footage consists primarily of a young man being punched in the face by a woman in some apartment living room. The video’s description, verbatim: “This is my friend Adam Littleboy. [An apparent pseudonym.] A couple fourth of Julys ago he did a no call/ no show at his restraunt and told his boss he got mugged so Christen had to punch him in his face about 8 million times [to simulate mugging damage] and he still got fired.” No surprise it didn’t work, because the beating was not severe, resulting in no injuries visible at YouTube resolution, though one observer in the video assures him cheek became “poofy.” It’s the only documentation of anything like a Full 200 that I’m aware of. However, it may also be an exception that proves the Full 200 rule. The thing smacks more of a half-assed “Jackass”-style stunt than a seriously attempted hoax. (In a non sequitur sequence in the same vid, Littleboy licks an alley cat.) Littleboy took some real punches that sent him sprawling; but the decision to have a woman do the beating, the obvious lack of commitment to serious injury, Littleboy’s giggling between punches, and a laughing audience with a video camera suggest something other than the psychodrama of a full Full 200. On the other hand, it doesn’t seem like a total joke, either. The sympathy-beating motivation is there. And if the beating wasn’t good enough to support a bad lie, it still seemed to work out the tension of screwing up a job and indeed drew a lot of attention from friends. It’s an interesting softcore version of the Full 200—probably a relatively widespread subgenre, and worthy of notice. (Source: http://youtube.com/watch?v=tVQUCFJ3w5s.)

            February 2008: A remarkable sympathy shooting that occurred Dec. 3, 2007 in the small town of Hartford, Alabama has turned into a court case, thanks to outraged citizens, and thus become a detail-laden treasure trove of Full 200 information. The incident began with Charles Gregory Hatcher, 41, found shot twice in the back and leg (a third shot missed) in a cotton field. Some type of note on his car suggested he had been lured to the scene. Cops were irritated that Hatcher—who was hospitalized for several days—refused to cooperate with the investigation, insisting he would not press charges and so forth. However, it took them a week—during which they conducted a manhunt for a phantom criminal—to figure out that the victim had orchestrated his own shooting. According to statements from Hartford Police Chief Nick Finer reported in the Dothan (Alabama) Eagle, Hatcher eventually confessed that he “had an associate stage the shooting to basically gain sympathy from family members. I think it was just a ‘do me a favor’ type thing.” It was reported that Hatcher was having some type of family problems at the time. However, more recently the county DA has stated that the shooter was an employee of the victim and had been threatened with firing if he didn’t, well, fire. A fascinating aspect of this case is that the victim succeeded in gaining sympathy from police and prosecutors as well. The DA’s Office initially claimed there was no crime because the shooter had the victim’s permission to do the shooting—a sort of “consenting adults”-type argument that is unusual in American/Southern jurisprudence, to say the least. Meanwhile, Chief Finer reportedly sympathized: “There’s a lot of sensitive family feelings involved in this case. If the victim doesn’t want to do anything, and wanted it to happen, then you really don’t have much of a crime.” The public was to prove less forgiving, as telegraphed by a comment on the Eagle’s Web site that noted the shooter surely would have been prosecuted if he had accidentally killed Hatcher: “Who is [Hatcher] going to have shot next? This is wrong and I think they should both be charged. Only in Alabama!!” A month later, a grand jury indicted Hatcher on charges of obstruction of justice and giving false information; he later pleaded guilty, receiving a six-month suspended sentence and an order to repay $750,000 in investigation costs. Another Eagle Web site comment indicates public dissatisfaction with the lack of attention on the shooter—who, as we know is usual for this strange category of crime, is being given virtually no official attention. Some observations: I have probably underestimated the significance of gunshot-oriented Full 200s in my main essay; this apparently was a sympathy crime in the purest sense. Also remarkable was the victim’s, and the crime’s, ability to gain sympathy from the officials closest to the case—even though they are presumably pretty tough, strict folks who had to deal with the embarrassment of being fooled. There is an air of small-town community-mindedness and male weird-favor-doing kinship in the response. I sympathize with their sympathy; I also understand why the more distant public wasn’t so sympathetic. (This is one of the few modern cases that have suggested to me a continued need for the archaic grand jury system.) You might say that the official response was something like they might accord to an attempted suicide, except in that sort of case, the authorities presumably insist on mental health monitoring. The general public more clearly saw the aggression and rage lurking in the Full 200. We can’t say anything definitive about Hatcher’s motivations at this point—as usual, the press quickly lost interest, and the guilty plea was reported with no new information. But if the story about a coerced employee proves true, that indicates something very unsympathetic to me—something involving a terrifyingly desperate rage and sociopathic willingness to traumatize someone like that. (It would also be perhaps the only example of someone facing firing for not attacking their boss.) Like the newspaper Web site poster, I wonder where further charges are: either equivalent charges for the shooter, or some of type of additional coercion charges for the “victim.” But then, this is a strange crime indeed that occupies a very gray area. How does one prove coercion when the coerced is the one with the gun? (Sources: “Man Pleads Guilty to Making False Report,” WTVY-TV [Dothan, Alabama], Feb. 14, 2008, at www.wtvynews4.com/news/headlines/15648492.html; and “Police investigate Hartford shooting” by Matt Elofson, Dec. 4, 2007; “Hartford shooting victim doesn’t want case pursued” by Ebony Horton, Dec. 5, 2007; “Hartford man stable as shooting investigation continues” by Ebony Horton, Dec. 6, 2007; “Hartford man staged his own shooting” by Matt Elofson, Dec. 12, 2007; and “Man who staged own shooting indicted” by Matt Elofson, Feb. 12, 2008; Dothan [Alabama] Eagle, all [along with aforementioned public comments] via www.dothaneagle.com. I first heard about the case from an Associated Press article via www.boston.com, where this fascinating and significant tale was, naturally, relegated to the “Odds & Ends” funny-news section.)

            March 2008: The Full 200 shootings just keeping coming; obviously, I underestimated this subgenre completely. On Feb. 28, 2008, 21-year-old Daniel Kuch reportedly had himself shot in the shoulder with a .22-caliber revolver by a friend on a remote stretch of highway outside of small-town Pasco, Washington. At the hospital, he claimed to have been the victim of a drive-by shooting while jogging, but the point-blank nature of the wound was obvious. There are a couple of interesting features of this case. For one thing, it involved several people. Kuch reportedly was shot by one friend (Kurtis Johnson, 24, of Burbank, Washington) after both were driven to the site by another friend (Oleg Barbarosh). After the shooting, Johnson reportedly left the scene in another car with still more friends while Barbarosh drove Kuch to a hospital. It seems like a complex group dynamic or plan; the details are unclear. Another unusual feature is that both “victim” and shooter are facing charges: Kuch for false reporting and Johnson for reckless endangerment. But once again, motivations remain unclear. The primary story is that Kuch wanted to avoid an upcoming drug test at work—a standard utilitarian angle that might put this somewhat outside the realms of Full 200s (as well as being a great commentary on what jobs and drug-anoia have done to our psyches). But in a local newspaper story, the sheriff’s office said Barbarosh offered a different explanation (which the story itself didn’t seem to notice): “Kuch wanted to know what it was like to get shot.” Presuming all of this is true—which courts have yet to determine—it sounds as if it may be a case of attention-seeking in a strange group dynamic, with the work-avoidance issue as a type of excuse. It reminds me of the YouTube incident described above. I’d say let’s wait and see; but these stories have a way of disappearing once they’re branded as lies. (Source: “Pasco man gets charges instead of drug test” by Kristin M. Kraemer, Tri-City (Kennwick/Richland/Pasco, Washington) Herald, March 5, 2008. This is another one I discovered dumped into “Odds & Ends” on www.boston.com in the form of an Associated Press story.)

            April 2008: New York City police accused a Massachusetts man of having his girlfriend murdered and staging a Full 200 shooting of himself to cover it up. This is the more classic crime-cover-up subgenre. Police say the man drove with his girlfriend and their child to a remote area of the Bronx, where a cousin of the man shot the girlfriend to death in a faked robbery. The cousin initially forgot to do the Full 200 part of the shooting, causing the man to run after saying something like, “Hey, you forgot to shoot me!”; the cousin finally obliged by shooting the man in the leg, police allege. It is interesting to note that that in this case (presuming any of the authorities’ claims are true), the horrid murder-for-hire so consumed the shooter that he forgot to do the secondary, Full 200 part. When the Full 200 bit is a mechanical afterthought, I don’t find it as psychologically or culturally interesting. (Source: “Boyfriend of Victim Arrested in Bronx Murder” by Al Baker, New York Times, April 15, 2008, via www.nytimes.com. Incidentally, tsk-tsk on the Times for calling the incident a “murder” prior to a court’s verdict. “Murder” is a particular legal definition of homicide involving a finding of wrongful death and a judgment on the killer’s mindset, neither of which can or should be determined prior to trial.)

            21 See http://en.wikipedia.org/Tawana_Brawley. Ambiguous reports that may reflect Full or Half 200s include (not counting those in articles referenced elsewhere in this column): “Woman charged with faking assault,” The Herald (Rock Hill, South Carolina), Oct. 31, 2001; “Woman admits to making up gang-rape by skateboarders; She breaks down after Davis police ask her” by Martin Halstuk, San Francisco Chronicle, Aug. 20, 1991; “Benton County woman, 18, is arrested after filing false police report; Student claims she was pulled over, beaten” by Michelle Bradford, Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, March 18, 2005; “Guard charged in false report” by Rusty Marks, Charleston (West Virginia) Gazette, May 3, 1997; “Maid of casino foe made false report, Sarasota police say,” St. Petersburg (Florida) Times, Sept. 23, 1994; “Washington County Police Reports,” Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel, May 21, 2006 (http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4196/is_20060521/ai_n16413042); “Man charged with filing fake police report,” by Bill Bird, Naperville (Illinois) Sun., May 8, 2007 (www.suburbanchicagonews.com/napervillesun/news/375054,6_1_NA08_FALSE_S1.article). All via LexisNexis unless otherwise noted.

            22 As an example of how these comments are always generic and unilluminating: Northeastern University criminal justice professor James Alan Fox, a frequent media commentator, informs us that false reporting is “a self-serving act” (“Hoaxes a fact of life for police” by Linda Goldston, San Jose [California] Mercury News, Sept. 13, 2005, via LexisNexis). But what crime isn’t?! He followed with equally generic and obvious comments about attention-seeking. Regarding false-report reporting, there is no official tracking of false hate crimes in particular (Zamichow and Silverstein, op. cit.).

            23 For example, from 2000 to 2003, Richmond, Virginia police charged 220 people with filing false police reports, a number that dwarfs the amount of Full and Half 200s I could find (“Truth or consequences; False reports waste police time, can lead to charges against the individual” by Mark Bowes, Richmond [Virginia] Times Dispatch, Feb. 18, 2004, via LexisNexis).

            24 There was recently a notable exception to this—a self-shooting designed, like some Full/Half 200s, to frame someone. On Aug. 17, 2007, former MIT professor John J. Donovan was convicted in Cambridge, Massachusetts of filing a false police report (of course) for shooting himself in the stomach in 2005 and claiming that two masked gunmen hired by his estranged son had done it. According to Boston Globe reports, Donovan tampered with a security camera at the scene and also shot his own belt buckle twice to simulate supposed gunmen’s shots that missed their mark. His sentence consisted of a $625 fine, community service, probation and a psych evaluation that probably won’t contain words like “healthy” and “sane.” Donovan, incidentally, maintains that he was the victim of a crime—someone else’s crime, that is.

            As I explain later, sympathy beatings still strike me as something of a different animal from shootings. But in all other respects, this incident fits at least the Half 200, and even highlights the unusual revenge subgenre of this weird crime—ones that target a particular villain (via frame-job) rather than a generic group. Even though that’s the motif in “Dirty Harry,” I didn’t pay enough attention to that subtle distinction. It may be even more psychologically curious. Apparently, it not only seeks sympathy by incarnating the pain the victim/perpetrator feels emotionally in his/her situation; it also is itself an angry attack on the perceived enemy. The thinking appears to be: “You go around unpunished for the emotional pain you cause me, so now I really will hurt myself and see you really punished.” (Incidentally, I was aware during the writing of this column that Donovan’s case was pending in court, but for that very reason chose not to include it initially. Sources: “Former MIT professor found guilty of staging shooting” by John R. Ellement, Boston Globe, Aug. 17, 2007, and “Former MIT professor headed to trial in allegedly staged shooting” by Associated Press [via Boston.com], Aug. 2, 2007.)

            25 A friend of mine has since noted another extremely relevant comparison: Munchausen syndrome. I wish it had occurred to me to elaborate on it here. It may be quite valid to say that the Full 200 is Munchausen’s incarnate. There may be relevancy to hypochondria in general here.

            Another friend also pointed out to me the phenomenon of soldiers shooting themselves to avoid duty. As the friend informed me, there was recently a report of a New York City man avoiding another tour in Iraq by hiring a “hitman” to shoot him in the leg, saying that wounding and imprisonment are better than returning to that hellhole. When writing this column, the classic shoot-yourself-in-the-foot phenomenon (which I believe I first heard of from the TV show “M*A*S*H” as a kid) occurred to me briefly, but I discarded it as being more of a direct mechanism for avoiding service than an attempt to gain sympathy per se. Of course, if there is a deliberate and successful attempt to mask the self-injury, it does involve sympathy elements, and even perhaps a Purple Heart, etc. However, that is not the main motivation. It is somewhat suggestive of criminals who injure themselves to cover a crime, in terms of the mechanical aspect, and yet there is no other crime involved. I suppose to me, the bottom line is that for the soldier, it doesn’t matter in the end if there is sympathy or not, or if he/she gets away with it or not; the injury itself still holds inherent value. Nonetheless, the genre should be kept in mind in study of this topic, and is worth a footnote (so to speak). May I also add that when wars get to the point of participants hiring hitmen to shoot them, it’s time to pull the plug.

            Yet another comparable syndrome/crime has occurred to me: faked kidnappings/disappearances that involve self-inflicted injuries, particularly if they involve a desire to gain attention or sympathy (as opposed to a desire to truly run away). Indeed, they should be considered basically a subgenre of the Half 200. I was reminded of this better-known subgenre by the recent conviction of New Hampshire’s Gary Dodds, who reportedly crashed his car and inflicted injuries to make it appear as if he spent a night in winter woods, all to draw attention to his failing candidacy for a seat in Congress. (Dodds reportedly continues to deny faking any of it.) He was convicted on charges of falsifying evidence, leaving the scene of an accident and the legal version of crying wolf. In some ways, this sort of crime takes us a bit far afield from the subject at hand. But increasingly I envision a chart where sympathy beatings, faked accidents and suicide attempts occupy circles with mutually overlapping edges. (Source: “Ex-candidate convicted of faking post-crash disappearance” by Holly Ramer, Associated Press, Feb. 20, 2008, via www.boston.com.)

            26 Sandy Davis of the YWCA of Santa Clara Valley, California, in Goldston, op. cit.

            27 See “For Real: Many Well-Publicized ‘Hate Crimes’ Were Staged” at www.cwfa.org/articles/8776/CFI/family/index.htm#ref. In an amusing coincidence, the fool who wrote the piece is named “Douthit.”

            28 See http://en.wikipedia.org/Paul_Mirecki. As a side note to Intelligent Design proponents, feel free to contact me with an explanation of: the shin; the testicles; the birth canal; the appendix; the fragility of the eye and eyelid; the airway/gullet connection that allows us to easily choke on food; the upright gait that leads to damaging falls; and/or our lack of fur or armor. Persuade me though you might, you will never get me to accept more than Unintelligent Design.

 

Posted June 16, 2007. Updated June 29; July 4 and 15; Aug. 22; and Nov. 4 and 15, 2007; and Feb. 6, 19 and 21; March 6 and 27; and April 2 and 21, 2008. Hyperlinks have been removed due to severe code-corruption problems with two of them. Thanks again, MS Word!

 

 

 

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